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A process in which accredited observers access an electoral process to assess and report on the compliance of the process with relevant legal instruments and international or regional standards.
The full series of steps involved in the preparation, implementation and evaluation of an election. It includes pre-electoral activities such as the review of relevant legal and procedural provisions and electoral registration, as well as post-electoral evaluation and/or audit.
Guarding against improper election information modification or destruction, and ensuring the authenticity of the electoral process.
One or more pieces of legislation governing all aspects of the process for electing the political institutions defined in a country’s constitution or institutional framework.
A national organization tasked under electoral law with the responsibility for the conduct of elections. The EMB in most countries consists either of an independent commission appointed for the purpose or as a part of a specified government department.
A set of rules and procedures in which a population casts votes to determine seats for parties and candidates in the legislature.
Any method of voting using electronic means, which includes the use of electronic machines, the Internet, telephones, mobile phones, or digital television. Often referred to as “e-voting”.
To endow a person or population with the privileges of citizenship, in particular the right of suffrage.