Australia

Section 72 states:

The Justices of the High Court and of the other courts created by the Parliament:… (ii) shall not be removed except by the Governor-General in Council, on an address from both Houses of the Parliament in the same session, praying for such removal on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity…

Section 103 states:

The members of the Inter-State Commission…

• (ii) shall hold office for seven years, but may be removed within that time by the Governor-General in Council, on an address from both Houses of the Parliament in the same session praying for such removal on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity…

Excerpts from the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act (1900, last amended 1977)

Section 13, subsection (1) states:

The Governor-General may appoint a person to act as Chairperson:…

• (b) during any period, or during all periods, when the Chairperson is absent from duty or from Australia or is, for any other reason, unable to perform the functions of the office; but a person appointed to act during a vacancy shall not continue so to act for more than 12 months.

Section 14, subsection (1) states:

The Governor-General may appoint a person to act as the non-judicial appointee:…

• (b) during any period, or during all periods, when the non-judicial appointee is absent from duty or from Australia or is, for any other reason, unable to perform the functions of the office; but a person appointed to act during a vacancy shall not continue so to act for more than 12 months.

Section 19, subsection (3) states:

Subject to subsection (4), the Deputy Electoral Commissioner shall act as the Electoral Commissioner:…

• (b) during any period, or during all periods, when the Electoral Commissioner is absent from duty or from Australia or is, for any other reason, unable to perform the functions of the office.

Section 25, subsection (1) states:

The Governor-General may terminate the appointment of an electoral officer by reason of misbehaviour or physical or mental incapacity.

Section 26, subsection (1) states:

The Governor-General may appoint a person to act as the Electoral Commissioner:…

• (b) during any period, or during all periods, when:
  • (i) the Electoral Commissioner is absent from duty or from Australia or is, for any other reason, unable to perform the functions of the office; and
  • (ii) no person is acting as the Electoral Commissioner by virtue of holding the office of, or acting as, the Deputy Electoral Commissioner; but a person appointed to act during a vacancy shall not continue so to act for more than 12 months.

Section 27, subsection (1) states:

The Governor-General may appoint a person to act as the Deputy Electoral Commissioner:…

• (b) during any period, or during all periods, when the Deputy Electoral Commissioner is absent from duty or from Australia or is, for any other reason, unable to perform the functions of the office; but a person appointed to act during a vacancy shall not continue so to act for more than 12 months.

Section 30, subsection (2) states:

The Commission may appoint a person to act as Australian Electoral Officer for the Australian Capital Territory during any period, or during all periods, when the Australian Electoral Officer for the Territory is absent from duty or from Australia or is, for any other reason, unable to perform the functions of the office.

Section 31, subsection (3) states:

An Assistant Australian Electoral Officer for a State shall act as Australian Electoral Officer for the State:…

(b) during any period, or during all periods, when the Australian Electoral Officer for the State is absent from duty or from Australia or is, for any other reason, unable to perform the functions of the office.

 Section 61, subsection (6) states:

Where, within any period of not more than 30 days (being a period before the making under subsection 66(1) of a proposed redistribution of the State by the Redistribution Committee), 2 or more persons who are members of the Redistribution Committee die or become unable, by reason of physical or mental incapacity, to serve or continue to serve as members of the Redistribution Committee, the Electoral Commission shall, by instrument in writing, revoke the appointment of the Redistribution Committee and appoint, for the purposes of the redistribution, another Redistribution Committee for the State in accordance with subsections (2), (3), (3A) and (4).

Section 70, subsection (4) states:

Where, within any period (in paragraph (b) referred to as the relevant period) of not more than 30 days (being a period after the making under subsection 66(1) of a proposed redistribution of the State or Territory by the Redistribution Committee for the State or Territory), 2 or more persons who are members of the augmented Electoral Commission die or become unable, by reason of physical or mental incapacity, to serve or continue to serve as members of the augmented Electoral Commission: (a) the augmented Electoral Commission must reconsider all objections and comments lodged with the Electoral Commission under section 69 in relation to the proposed redistribution, being objections and comments that had previously been considered by the augmented Electoral Commission; (b) subsection 72(2) has effect as if the reference in that subsection to 60 days after the expiration of the period referred to in section 69 were a reference to 60 days after the expiration of the relevant period.

Section 247 states:

(4) The person in charge of a station may, by instrument in writing, appoint a person (including the Assistant Antarctic Returning Officer) to act as the Antarctic Returning Officer for the station during any period, or during all periods, when the Antarctic Returning Officer for the station is absent from duty at the station, is absent from Antarctica, or is for any other reason unable to perform the functions of the office.

(5) The person in charge of a station may, by instrument in writing, appoint a person to act as the Assistant Antarctic Returning Officer for the station during any period, or during all periods, when the Assistant Antarctic Returning Officer for the station is acting as Antarctic Returning Officer for the station, is absent from duty at the station, is absent from Antarctica, or is for any other reason unable to perform the functions of the office.

Excerpts from the Commonwealth Electoral Act (1918, last amended 2005)